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Laravel Artisan Commands

Artisan is Laravel's command-line tool. It helps developers perform common tasks without writing code manually.

Think of Artisan as Laravel's personal assistant. Instead of creating files, clearing cache, running migrations, or generating controllers manually, you can simply run a command.

For example: 

php artisan make:controller UserController

Laravel automatically creates the controller file for you.

What is Artisan?

Artisan is Laravel's built-in Command Line Interface (CLI).

It allows you to:

  • Create controllers
  • Create models
  • Create migrations
  • Run database migrations
  • Seed databases
  • Clear cache
  • Generate authentication files
  • Run queue workers
  • Create custom commands
  • Optimize applications

All Artisan commands start with: 

php artisan

Viewing All Available Commands

To see all Artisan commands: 

php artisan list

Output: 

cache
config
db
event
make
migrate
queue
route
storage
test
view

This displays every command available in your Laravel project.

Getting Help for a Command

To view information about a specific command: 

php artisan help migrate

Output includes:

  • Purpose
  • Options
  • Arguments
  • Examples

Application Commands

Check Laravel Version 

php artisan --version

Output:

Laravel Framework 13.x

Useful for verifying the installed version.

Start Development Server 

php artisan serve

Output:

Starting Laravel development server...http://127.0.0.1:8000

Now open:

http://127.0.0.1:8000

in your browser.

Custom port:

Make Commands (Code Generators)

Laravel can generate files automatically.

Create Controller 

php artisan make:controller ProductController

Creates:

app/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php

Resource Controller

A Resource Controller in Laravel is a specialized controller class designed to handle CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations for a specific resource, such as posts, users, or products. 

php artisan make:controller ProductController --resource

Generates methods: 

index()
create()
store()
show()
edit()
update()
destroy()

Create Model 

php artisan make:model Product

Creates:

app/Models/Product.php

Model + Migration 

php artisan make:model Product -m

Creates:

Model/Product.php
database/migrations/xxxx_create_products_table.php

Model + Controller + Migration 

php artisan make:model Product -mcr

Creates:

Model/Product.php
database/migrations/xxxx_create_products_table.php  
App/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php

all at once.

Create Migration 

php artisan make:migration create_products_table

Creates:

database/migrations/xxxx_create_products_table.php

Create Seeder

php artisan make:seeder ProductSeeder

Creates:

database/seeders/ProductSeeder.php

Create Factory 

php artisan make:factory ProductFactory

Creates:

database/factories/ProductFactory.php

Used for generating fake data.

Create Middleware 

php artisan make:middleware CheckAge

Creates:

app/Http/Middleware/CheckAge.php

Create Request Validation Class 

php artisan make:request StoreProductRequest

Creates:

app/Http/Requests/StoreProductRequest.php

Create Event 

php artisan make:event ProductCreated

Creates:

app/Events/ProductCreated.php

Create Listener 

php artisan make:listener SendProductNotification

Creates:

app/Listeners/SendProductNotification.php

Create Job 

php artisan make:job ProcessOrder

Creates:

app/Jobs/ProcessOrder.php

Used with queues.

Create Mail Class 

php artisan make:mail WelcomeMail

Creates:

app/Mail/WelcomeMail.php

Create Notification 

php artisan make:notification OrderShipped

Creates:

app/Notifications/OrderShipped.php

Create Policy 

php artisan make:policy ProductPolicy

Creates:

app/Policies/ProductPolicy.php

Create Command 

php artisan make:command SendEmails

Creates:

app/Console/Commands/SendEmails.php

Custom Artisan commands can be built here.

Migration Commands

Migrations manage database tables.

Run Migrations 

php artisan migrate

Creates all pending tables.

Migration Status 

php artisan migrate:status

Shows:

Ran?Migration NameBatch

Rollback Last Migration 

php artisan migrate:rollback

Reverses the latest migration batch.

Rollback Multiple Steps 

php artisan migrate:rollback --step=3

Rolls back the last 3 batches.

Reset All Migrations 

php artisan migrate:reset

Drops all migrated tables.

Refresh Migrations 

php artisan migrate:refresh

Equivalent to:

rollback then migrate

Fresh Migration 

php artisan migrate:fresh

Drops all tables and recreates them.

Fresh Migration with Seeders 

php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

Very useful during development.

Seeder Commands

Run All Seeders 

php artisan db:seed

Run Specific Seeder 

php artisan db:seed --class=ProductSeeder

Database Commands

Open Database Shell 

php artisan db

Connects to your configured database.

Inspect Database 

php artisan db:show

Shows:

  • Database name
  • Tables
  • Size
  • Connections

View Table Details 

php artisan db:table users

Displays column information.

Cache Commands

Cache improves performance.

Clear Application Cache 

php artisan cache:clear

Clear Configuration Cache 

php artisan config:clear

Rebuild Config Cache 

php artisan config:cache

Recommended for production.

Clear Route Cache 

php artisan route:clear

Create Route Cache 

php artisan route:cache

Improves route loading speed.

Clear View Cache 

php artisan view:clear

Clear Event Cache 

php artisan event:clear

Optimization Commands

Optimize Application 

php artisan optimize

Caches:

  • Config
  • Routes
  • Events

for better performance.

Clear All Optimization Files 

php artisan optimize:clear

Removes all cached files.

Route Commands

List Routes 

php artisan route:list

Shows: 

Method
URI
Name
Controller
Middleware

Example:

GET /GET productsPOST products

Queue Commands

Queues process background jobs.

Start Queue Worker 

php artisan queue:work

Processes jobs continuously.

Listen for Jobs 

php artisan queue:listen

Similar to queue:work but reloads framework every job.

Retry Failed Jobs 

php artisan queue:retry all

View Failed Jobs 

php artisan queue:failed

Delete Failed Jobs 

php artisan queue:flush

Storage Commands

Create Storage Link 

php artisan storage:link

Creates:

public/storage

linking to:

storage/app/public

Required for uploaded files.

Event Commands

Generate Event Cache 

php artisan event:cache

Discover Events 

php artisan event:list

Shows registered events and listeners.

Testing Commands

Run All Tests 

php artisan test

Run Specific Test 

php artisan test tests/Feature/ProductTest.php

Run Tests with Coverage 

php artisan test --coverage

Maintenance Mode Commands

Enable Maintenance Mode 

php artisan down

Users see:

503 Service Unavailable

Enable with Secret URL 

php artisan down --secret="admin123"

Disable Maintenance Mode 

php artisan up

Site becomes accessible again.

Most Frequently Used Artisan Commands 

php artisan serve
php artisan make:model Product -mcr
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed
php artisan route:list
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan config:cache
php artisan optimize
php artisan optimize:clear
php artisan queue:work
php artisan storage:link
php artisan test
php artisan down
php artisan up

Summary

Artisan is Laravel's command-line assistant that automates repetitive tasks. The most important command groups are:

  • make: Create files (models, controllers, migrations, middleware)
  • migrate: Manage database tables
  • db: Database tools
  • cache/config/view: Clear and build caches
  • route: Inspect routes
  • queue: Process background jobs
  • storage: Manage file links
  • test: Run automated tests
  • optimize: Improve application performance
  • down/up: Maintenance mode management

Mastering Artisan commands can dramatically speed up Laravel development and reduce manual work.

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